Pirâmides do Egito | Pirâmides do Egito
Pirâmides do Egito
As pirâmides egípcias são estruturas egípcias antigas sob a forma de pirâmides. Desde novembro de 2008, fontes estimam que o número de pirâmides egípcias é de cerca de 118 ou 138. Durante a antiga e a Idade Média, a maioria delas foram construídas como túmulos para os antigos faraós e seus dependentes.
Pirâmides do Egito
As primeiras pirâmides: As mais antigas pirâmides egípcias conhecidas são encontradas em Saqqara, noroeste de Memphis. A mais antiga destas pirâmides é a Pirâmide de Passo do Rei Djoser, que foi construída de 2630-2610 a.C. durante a Terceira Dinastia. Criada pelo arquiteto Imhotep, esta pirâmide e a coleção circundante são geralmente consideradas as estruturas maciças mais antigas do mundo construídas a partir de obras de construção.
As Grandes Pirâmides de Gizé: Entre as pirâmides egípcias mais famosas estão as do governador de Gizé, na periferia do Cairo. Muitas das pirâmides de Gizé estão entre as maiores estruturas já construídas no mundo. A pirâmide de Khufu em Gizé é a maior pirâmide egípcia. É a única das Sete Maravilhas do Mundo Antigo ainda em existência.
A segunda pirâmide egípcia historicamente documentada é creditada ao arquiteto Imhotep, que planejou o que os egiptólogos acreditam ser um túmulo para o faraó Djoser. Imhotep é atribuído por ser o primeiro a conceber a noção de empilhar mastabas umas sobre as outras, criando um edifício composto de vários "degraus" que diminuíram de tamanho em direção a seu ápice
O resultado foi a construção da Pirâmide de Djoser, que foi projetada para ser uma escada gigantesca através da qual a alma do faraó falecido poderia subir ao céu, e este era seu plano para alcançar seu propósito, que os falecidos egípcios deificaram depois dele.
Muito depois do fim do período de construção da própria pirâmide egípcia, uma explosão de construção de pirâmides ocorreu no que é hoje o Sudão, depois que grande parte do Egito ficou sob o domínio do Reino de Kush, que então estava sediado em Napata.
Enquanto o domínio de Napatan foi breve, terminando em 661 a.C., a cultura egípcia causou uma impressão indelével. O período meroitico da história kusítica, quando o reino estava centrado em Meroë, (aproximadamente no período entre 300 a.C. e 300 d.C.), viu um renascimento completo da construção de uma pirâmide, que viu mais de duzentas tumbas de pirâmides reais indígenas de inspiração egípcia serem construídas nas proximidades das capitais do reino.
Acredita-se que a forma das pirâmides egípcias representa a colina primitiva na qual os egípcios acreditavam que a terra tinha sido criada, e acredita-se que a forma da pirâmide representava a luz solar descendente. Longe.
As pirâmides também eram freqüentemente nomeadas de maneiras que se referiam à luminescência solar. Por exemplo, o nome formal da Pirâmide Bent em Dahshur era The Southern Shining Pyramid, e o de Senwosret em el-Lahun era Senwosret está brilhando.
Em 1842, Carl Richard Lipsius publicou a primeira lista moderna de pirâmides - agora conhecida como a "Lista de Pirâmides de Lipsius", que contava o número de pirâmides para 67 pirâmides, e outro grande número foi descoberto desde então, a partir de novembro de 2008, 118 pirâmides egípcias foram determinadas. A mais recente pirâmide a ser descoberta foi a de Sesheshet em Saqqqara, mãe do faraó Teti da Sexta Dinastia, anunciada em 11 de novembro de 2008.
Todas as pirâmides do Egito, exceto a pequena pirâmide da Terceira Dinastia, são encontradas no canto dos mortos (ou no canto dos mortos), na margem oeste do Nilo, e a maioria delas estão agrupadas em vários campos de pirâmides. Os mais famosos são listados geograficamente, de norte a sul, abaixo.
Abu Rawash
Giza
Zawyet el-Aryan
Abusir
Saqqara
Dahshur
Mazghuna
Lisht
Meidum
Hawara
el-Lahun
El-Kurru
Nuri
Se você estiver planejando qualquer viagem ao Egito ou de nossas variedades de viagens do Cairo, você pode saber mais sobre as Pirâmides do Egito.
As pirâmides de Gizé são chamadas de necrópole de Gizé. O complexo da pirâmide de Giza está localizado num sítio arqueológico no planalto de Giza, no Grande Cairo, no Egipto. O complexo contém a Grande Pirâmide, a Pirâmide de Khafre e a Pirâmide de Menkaure, juntamente com os seus complexos piramidais associados e a Esfinge. Estas pirâmides foram todas construídas durante a Quarta Dinastia do Antigo Reino do antigo Egipto, entre 2600 e 2500 a.C. O local também contém vários túmulos e os restos de uma aldeia de trabalhadores. As pirâmides estendem-se também desde Abu Rawash em Giza até Hawara, nos arredores de Fayoum. São edifícios reais e arqueológicos construídos pelos antigos egípcios no período de 2630 a.C. E até ao ano 1530 a.C. M. A sua construção tem sido gradual, uma vez que a primeira pirâmide foi estabelecida como a Pirâmide de Djoser (3630 a.C. - 2611 a.C.) em Saqqara para uma pirâmide inclinada e depois para a conhecida forma de pirâmide completa representada pelas pirâmides de Gizé. As pirâmides foram construídas de acordo com a crença dos antigos egípcios, a fim de preservar a múmia do Faraó e ajudá-lo na sua viagem à vida após a morte e a sua ascensão ao céu. O rei Khufu também construiu a Grande Pirâmide para o enterrar nela, e os antigos egípcios acreditavam que o espírito do rei continuaria a cuidar deles mesmo após a sua morte, e depois subiria ao céu e juntar-se-ia ao resto dos deuses; então ele pode alimentar os vivos na terra enviando a inundação do Nilo, o crescimento e a prosperidade, e preveni-los do mal. Os nossos peritos irão ajudá-lo a partir de qualquer aeroporto no Egipto e onde quer que precise deles.
Positioned at an elevation surrounded by sand hills, one can easily understand why the pyramids found in Egypt are one of the most recognizable structures quite literally in the whole world. It is perhaps impossible to get a person who has traveled, read, or even watched a documentary and not be captivated by these towering structures that have stood the test of time for centuries. Their beauty and how they were constructed leave no one indifferent and is the primary reason historians, regardless of age, travel to ancient countries. With that being said, let us go back in time to study the greatness of the pyramids in Egypt, why they matter historically, and what impact, if any, they made for future generations.
A Glimpse into Ancient Egypt’s Architectural Genius
From a historical perspective, the magnificence of the pyramids reveals the creativity and architectural skills of the ancient Egyptians. These great edifices, built as shrines for the kings and emperors to symbolize their godly power, display the heightened level of engineering, mathematics, and astronomy acquired by the Egyptians.
These pyramids were not simply built to contain and protect the preserved corpses of kings and queens. They were designed along the lines of doorways or rather turned off to be concerned with the interior, the beyond. The ancients believed that their kings would not only reign over them in this world but also in the next, and so the pyramids were constructed to provide fit accommodations for their wandering spirits. So too with the physical body of the pharaoh, riches, provisions, and ritual items were interred to assist the person’s transition to everlasting life.
The Great Pyramid of Khufu
Due to several centuries of exposure, the pyramid stands at only about 138 m in height, which is still considerable.
The Great Pyramid is estimated to have contained more than 2.3 million stone blocks, with several characters feasible weighing one hundred tons, and considering this, it could be said that the pyramid strategies are among the engineering marvels of the ancient world. Even how the Egyptians would have managed to cut, transport, and assemble the huge blocks remains a mystery—some say that ramps or even cranes had been employed, yet others say that only brute strength sufficed; others propose the use of intellect.
The Pyramid of Khafre
Khafre’s Pyramid, also known as the tomb of Khafre the Son of Pharaoh Khufu, is one of the many structures situated in the Giza plateau region. Even though Khafre's pyramid is shorter than his father's, he seems to dwarf his father’s pyramid because of its placement on higher ground and, more importantly, a large part of the upper part of the pyramid, which has the original smooth casing stones that have survived the weather elements, giving the impression of a much bigger structure. All the pyramids had this layer, made of glossy Tura limestone that was so well polished it was almost glass; hence all of them glittered in the sun.
In addition, the Pyramid of Khafre features the Great Sphinx of Giza, found at the front of the pyramid. The Great Sphinx, which possesses the head of a man and the body of a lion, is carved from a singular piece of limestone and is largely assumed to symbolize Khafre. This giant figure, which is positioned at the front of the pyramids, piques curiosity towards the Giza complex even more.
The Pyramid of Menkaure
Out of the three pyramids in Giza, the smallest is undoubtedly the Pyramid of Menkaure, erected for Khafre’s son, Pharaoh Menkaure. However, this pyramid stands out because part of its casing is made of granite instead of the common limestone used for most well-known pyramids. This material, coupled with the pitch and height of the pyramid, suggests that Menkaure had ambitions of being remembered with the other great kings of Egypt.
Although the Pyramids of Giza are perhaps the most well-known, they are by no means the only pyramids in Egypt. Pyramids were built throughout the Nile Valley at various stages of Egyptian history and in different architectural styles, as well as for different purposes.
The Pyramid of Djoser
The Pyramid of Djoser is considered to be one of the oldest pyramids ever made and can be located in the Saqqara region with its necropolis. This step-designed tomb was built for Pharaoh Djoser by his architect Imhotep, who is mostly regarded as one of the creators of all pyramids to come. Rather than a smooth-sided infinite tower, Djoser’s pyramid is made of six terraced levels with an interesting layered look. This was a great milestone in the age of building pyramids, and it is still one of the most frequent places in Egypt.
The Bent Pyramid and the Red Pyramid
Another well-known location for pyramids is Dahshur, which features the Bent and Red Pyramids, both constructed by Pharaoh Sneferu. The Bent Pyramid stands out due to its unique design since the angles of the sides bend in the middle of the pyramid. This shaped more than a simple pyramid, and it was probably because of some problems encountered while building the pyramid. Nevertheless, it was not much later that Sneferu attempted to build his second pyramid, now called the Red Pyramid, and this one was much more successful than the first, for it became the first true pyramidal structure on a smooth surface within the territory of Egypt.
The massive blocks were maneuvered using ramps, sleds, and some levers. But there are other theories regarding the construction of the great pyramids that are more advanced than this; for instance, aliens coming to earth and building the pyramids, but so-called ‘crazy’ theories are generally not accepted by scholars.
There have been new studies that have come up with such things as the discovery of the workers’ villages and the tools, which also assist in helping people understand the construction of the great pyramids much more than before. Evidence goes against the perception of slavery, for it appears that pyramid builders were given food and shelter, and their work was appreciated.
The geometric understanding of a pyramid, characterized by a wider base that tapers to a point at the top, was designed to represent the rays emitted by the sun as the dead pharaoh was believed to rise and join the sun god, Ra, in death. The position of the pyramids north and south of the equator as well as their alignment with the constellations embodies the Egyptians’ firm belief in the connection between the sky and the land of the living.
Inside the pyramids, spaces, and corridors were typically built with the purpose of housing the pharaoh’s body while also serving as a means to help the spirit cross over. The insides of many pyramids were embellished with inscriptions called Pyramid Texts that consisted of spells for helping the hereafter of the pharaoh. Even though most of the valuables and objects that were kept in these pyramids have been taken away or destroyed over the years, the pyramids themselves are forever embodiments of the Egyptian faith of existence after death.
The Legacy of the Pyramids
The pyramids of Egypt have had a lasting impact on the course of history, in as much as they can be compared to any other structure. The dimensions of the pyramids, their architectural intricacy, together with the enigma surrounding the periods of their construction have motivated several generations of humankind. In the present, those structures attract awe to innumerable people every year who want to see with their own eyes one of the most magnificent monuments created in ancient history.
Besides the appreciation of the pyramids as significant cultural and historical treasures, these structures have also become icons of human determination and creativity. Their position on the skyline of the desert of Egypt evokes memories of a culture that, many millennia ago, was capable of creating marvels that still amaze people today.
