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Cairo Top Tours' tour operators will customize your tours according to your budget and interests. You shouldn't worry about anything with us because we will take care of all the details of your vacation. That is why we provide a variety of travel alternatives that are affordable while providing an amazing vacation experience. We will work directly with you to ensure that you stay within your budget while enjoying the wonderful experiences. Please contact us immediately to learn more about our budget-friendly travel choices!
Egypt is considered one of the safest countries not only in the Arab world but in the world because Egypt has one of the strongest security services. The Egyptian government is interested in taking all the necessary safety measures to secure tourist trips in Egypt, so you do not have to worry about that at all.
Yes, the Grand Egyptian Museum is officially open for visitors. Come and explore the world’s largest collection of Pharaonic treasures, from the majestic statues to the dazzling artifacts of ancient Egypt. Your unforgettable journey into history starts here.
In the case of cancellation of the trip by the customer, based on the start dates of the trip, the following costs will be charged:
15% of the total cost of the trip, with cancellation from the booking date up to 61 days before the start date of the trip
25% of the total cost of the trip, with cancellation from 60 to 31 days before the start date of the trip
35% of the total cost of the trip, with cancellation 30 to 15 days before the start date of the trip
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The fourth Egyptian dynasty, which spanned the period from 2575 B.C. to 2465 B.C., was succeeded by the fifth and sixth Egyptian dynasties, all hailing from the Ancient Empire. At that period, Memphis served as Egypt's capital, and King Senefru is credited with founding the fourth Egyptian dynasty.
The Fourth Dynasty of Ancient Egypt History
The reasons for the change of dynasty are still very obscure to us today. The period of the 4th dynasty marks the apogee of the Old Empire, the prosperity is such that the Kings will build themselves tombs – gigantic pyramids. Snéfrou, the founder of the dynasty will have no fewer than four erected. Except for two kings, the chronology of the 4th dynasty is quite well known. The first king to be disputed is Baka (or Bakarê) between Khafre (or Khephren) and Menkaourê.
On the Papyrus of Turin (3.13) and on the List of Saqqara (2.0) there is a line where the name of a King is missing between Khafre and Menkaouré. The final member of the dynasty is the second troublesome king. It is only listed by Manethon as Thamphthis. No inscription or monument of the end of the 4th dynasty can be related to this name. The Papyrus of Turin is also damaged in this place, but it leaves room for a King between Shepseskaf and Ouserkaf (First King of the 5th dynasty). According to Pascal Vernus and Jean Yoyotte the end of the dynasty is dominated by quarrels between claimants.
The discrepancy between the royal lists and Manethon's is another issue with this dynasty's chronology. Sôris (Snéfrou), Souphis I (Khoufou or Khéops), Souphis II (Khafrê or Khéphren), Mencherês (Menkaourê or Mykérinos), Ratoisês (Djédefrê), Bicheris (Baka), Sebercherês (Shepseskaf), and Thamphthis (Djédefptah or Hordjedef) are the monarchs listed in the order given by Egyptologists today. The arrangement of the royal lists is supported by archeological findings, not Manethon's.
The economic policy of this period is based on the exploitation of natural resources: mines and quarries, and on the construction of temples and tombs. Campaigns, whether military or commercial, are conducted for these purposes, first by Snéfrou then by his successors. High civil and religious offices are given by the King to members of the royal family only.
The office of vizier (tjaty) is created. This one is of course appointed by the King. It takes over responsibility for the central administration and is assisted by Directors of missions who liaise with the provinces. He is also the Chief of justice, he must enforce the law of Ma'at and presides over the Houses (ministries) including: The House of fields (agriculture) and the Double White House (The Treasury). He runs the Double Bureau (The Royal Archives) and controls police, transport, construction. The first Vizier is Prince Nefermaat, son of King Snefrou.
