巴布祖维拉
巴布*祖韦拉：通往中世纪开罗的永恒门户
巴布*祖韦拉(Bab Zuweila)位于开罗市中心，交通最繁忙，是该市为数不多的中世纪城门之一，反映了整个埃及的悠久历史。 虽然Bab Zuweila着名的双子塔和伊斯兰装饰暗示了一个建筑杰作，但它远不止于此。 Bab Zuweila见证了开罗几个世纪的历史，从中世纪的战斗到当代的重建，仍然是历史爱好者和好奇的游客最喜欢的地方。
历史一瞥
开罗的南大门被称为Bab Zuweila，是一座古老的北非城墙结构，建于一千多年前的法蒂玛皇帝统治时期。 这是在开罗快速增长的时候，雄心勃勃的法蒂玛哈里发想要用几堵墙和一系列大门来巩固这座城市，以抵御可能的侵占。 大门的名字Bab Zuweila源自驻扎在大门的Zouila摩洛哥部落的名字。 这个特殊的大门是最后建成的城市作为城市的南部入口，与其他大门一样，Bab al-Futuh和Bab Al-Nasr也被建造。
随着时间的推移，Bab Zuweila在进化上被扭曲，但保持了结构和功能的完整性，使其成为开罗顽固的伟大象征，并鼓励历史上的不同事件。 正是在这里，君主展示了权力，暴动受到了严厉的处理，商人，朝圣者和探险家可以进入城市。 作为现存的少数几个大门之一，今天它还提供了一些关于开罗发生的变化以及它当时在伊斯兰世界所起作用的目的的见解。
建筑奇迹：设计与结构
Bab Zuweila是一个融合了军事和伊斯兰设计方面的建筑奇迹。 一个独特的横截面是由两个巨大的36米高的尖塔安装在大门的两侧。 大门的墙壁有10多米厚。 用石灰石建造，设计复杂，典型的法蒂玛圆顶牙列。
进入Bab Zuweila门后，人们立即注意到装饰一个高尖拱，典型的伊斯兰建筑，尖拱内部的装饰整理。 这个尖拱是一个走廊的入口;走廊，反过来，允许安全进入城市的其他部分内的巨大大门，保护内部的旅客。
这两座造型独特的塔楼始于15世纪，今天融入大门，可以被视为巴布祖韦拉门最突出的特色。 他们已经修改了他们的营销系统，以忍受现有的战争条件。 这些是阿赞被称为的塔。 这些塔可以由游客今天在那里他们可以查看城市的天际线攀登，虽然不像今天有可能查看城市几乎在同一水平在中世纪时期。
Bab Zuweila在开罗历史中的作用
Bab Zuweila的重要性不仅限于其建筑设计;它一直是开罗历史上几个关键时刻的一部分。 这扇门在马穆鲁克时期起到了作用，当时它被用于公开处决。 这是一个罪犯和政治对手将他们被切断的头固定在墙上的地方，作为对其他人的警告。 因此，这是一个充满恐怖和兴奋的地方。
1517年，当奥斯曼苏丹塞利姆一世来到开罗并将最后一个马穆鲁克苏丹图曼湾II挂在大门的拱门上时，是Bab Zuweila历史上最着名的事件之一。 这一事件象征着马穆鲁克人的堕落和奥斯曼埃及的开始。 今天，大门附近有一块牌匾，向图曼湾的不幸命运致敬，这让参观者一瞥与这个地方有关的暴力。
Bab Zuweila不仅是世俗活动的场所，而且具有精神上的重要性。 所有朝圣者在踏上麦加之前都会进入大门受到祝福并为他们的旅行祈祷。 这些神圣的道路变得很方便，从而增加了大门的重要性，使它成为城市的主要神圣景点。
巴布*祖韦拉和开罗露天市场的脉搏
Bab Zuweila酒店位于伊斯兰开罗（Islamic Cairo）的中心地带，周围环绕着几个世纪以来蓬勃发展的市场或露天市场。 大门通向Al-Muizz街，这是开罗最古老，最具历史意义的街道之一，两旁是熙熙攘攘的商店，香料商贩和出售传统商品的工匠。 这个地区被称为Khan el-Khalili市场，自14世纪以来一直是商人和购物者的中心，提供从手工珠宝到芳香香料的各种商品。
商人讨价还价的声音，附近烤箱里新鲜面包烘烤的香气，以及鲜艳的织物和小饰品的色彩营造出一种将游客及时送回的氛围。 巴布*祖韦拉既是门户又是哨兵，监视着露天市场的日常生活，体现了开罗经久不衰的商业传统的精神。
修复与现代意义
Bab Zuweila的历史意义，注意到它的功能和文化方面，导致埃及古物部投入了大量的努力保护活动。 2000年代的重建工作包括石雕清理、尖塔支撑加固和内通道重建等活动。 这种细致而有效的活动旨在确保为了子孙后代的利益而保护巴布*祖韦拉,并使参观者能够欣赏它所拥有的丰富历史及其在开罗市历史中的作用。
今天，Bab Zuweila已成为埃及访问量最大的地方之一，大多数人来享受开罗丰富的文化。 这扇门也成为埃及公民民族自豪感的源泉，因为它象征性地说明了首都的规模和实力。
参观Bab Zuweila：期待什么
对于那些渴望参观Bab Zuweila的人来说，体验提供了历史，文化和壮丽景色的融合。 游客可以进入大门，爬上尖塔，这提供了一个无与伦比的开罗历史街区和周围社区的全景。 攀登是陡峭的，但奖励是鸟瞰一个由无数帝国，王朝和文化塑造的城市。
在Bab Zuweila的基地，游客可以漫步在繁华的市场，探索附近的Al-Muizz街，该街拥有一系列其他建筑瑰宝，包括清真寺，宗教学校和sails（公共喷泉）。 对于那些有兴趣了解更多关于大门历史和墙壁内的故事的人，可以提供导游服务。
巴布*祖韦拉：永恒的遗产
Bab Zuweila位于埃及充满活力的首都，是开罗现有中世纪建筑的最后一扇大门之一，反映了这座城市的非凡历史。 它通过华丽的尖塔、倾复的墙壁和装饰，讲述了一个在攻击、革命和变化中幸存下来的地方的故事。 作为一个作为大门和塔的结构，Bab Zuweila将过去与现在联系起来，仍然是坚不可摧的开罗及其过去记忆的一部分。
对于那些热爱历史的人来说，Bab Zuweila提供了一个理想的机会，可以作为大多数梦想踏入旧卡里奥的一部分，而对于其他人来说，它是所获得的丰富遗产的代 无论是喜欢建筑，对过去的好奇，还是试图感受开罗的感觉，Bab Zuweila总是向你开放，就像它已经有很多年了。
Al Zawiya门，也被称为Bab Zuweila，可追溯到11世纪，更具体地说是在公元1092年左右，当时法蒂玛哈里发的统治者Al-Mustansir Billah掌舵。 它不仅仅是一堵墙和一扇门，因为还有其他重大项目来加强开罗，开罗当时是法蒂玛哈里发的首都。
据记载,一位名叫Badr Al-Jamali的亚美尼亚基督徒,他是着名的军队指挥官,曾担任哈里发Al-Mustansir Billah的大臣,他被认为是设计和建造Bab Zuweila和开罗其他大门的人。 诸如建造几个大门和墙壁等做法，其中包括Bab Zuweila，Bab Al-Futuh和Bab Al-Nasr，有助于Badr al-Jamali加固城市。 城墙和大门不仅起到了防御作用，而且展示了法蒂玛王朝的建筑和政治力量。
由Badr al-Jamali建造的Bab Zuweila展示了他在军事建筑方面的实力和他对保护开罗的承诺。 在这位杰出人物的努力下，大门成为城市中发现的高度重要的防御工事之一，代表了法蒂玛哈里发的力量和耐力。
Located in the center of Cairo, amidst the worst traffic possible, lies Bab Zuweila, one of the few medieval gates remaining in the city and a reflection of the long history of the country of Egypt as a whole. While Bab Zuweila’s famous twin towers and Islamic embellishments suggest an architectural masterpiece, it is much more than that. Bab Zuweila has seen centuries of Cairo’s history, from battles during the Middle Ages to redevelopment in contemporary times, and is still a favorite spot for history lovers as well as inquisitive tourists.
The Southern Gate in Cairo, known as Bab Zuweila, is an ancient structure of the North African city’s walls built more than a thousand years ago during the Fatimid emperor’s reign. This was around the time when Cairo was on rapid growth, and the ambitious Fatimid caliphs wanted to fortify the city with several walls and a series of gates to ward off possible encroachers. The name of the gate, Bab Zuweila, was derived from the name of the Moroccan tribe of Zouila, who was stationed at the gate. This particular gate was built last to the city as a southern entrance of the city, and like other gates, Bab al-Futuh and Bab al-Nasr were constructed.
With time, Bab Zuweila has been evolutionarily distorted yet kept structural and functional integrity, making it a great symbol of stubbornness for Cairo and encouraging different events in history. It was here where power was exhibited by monarchs, where revolts were dealt with harshly, and where entry into the city was allowed to traders, pilgrims, and explorers. Being among the few existing gates, today it also provides some insight into changes that have taken place in Cairo and the purpose that it served then in the Islamic world.
Bab Zuweila is an architectural marvel merging military and Islamic design aspects. A unique cross-section is provided by two massive 36-meter-high minarets mounted on either side of the gate. The walls of the gate are more than 10 meters thick. And constructed of limestone with sophisticated designs, typical of the Fatimid’s dome dentils.
Upon entering the Bab Zuweila gate, one immediately notices adorning a high pointed arch, typical of Islamic architecture, the decorative finishing of the pointed arch interior. This pointed archway is an entrance to a hallway; the hallway, in turn, allows safe access to other parts of the city within the walls of the massive gate, protecting the travelers within.
The two distinctively shaped towers, begun in the 15th century and integrated into the gate today, can be viewed as the most outstanding feature of Bab Zuweila Gate. They have modified their marketing systems to endure the existing conditions of war. These were the towers from which the azan was called. These towers can be climbed by tourists today where they can view the skyline of the city, although unlike today it was possible to view the city almost at the same level during the medieval period.
The importance of Bab Zuweila is not limited to its architectural design; it has been part of several key moments in the history of Cairo. The gate served its purpose during the Mamluk period when it was used for a public execution. It was a place where criminals and political opponents would have their severed heads fastened on the walls as a warning to the rest. It was, therefore, a place filled with terror as well as excitement.
In 1517, when the Ottoman sultan Selim I came to Cairo and hung the last Mamluk sultan Tuman Bay II on one of the arches of the gate, was one of the most well-known episodes in the history of Bab Zuweila. This event symbolized the fall of the Mamluks and the beginning of Ottoman Egypt. Today, there is a plaque placed near the gate paying tribute to the unfortunate fate of Tuman Bay, and this gives the visitors a glimpse of the violence that has been associated with the place.
Not only did Bab Zuweila serve as a place for secular activities, but it was also of spiritual importance. All pilgrims before embarking towards Mecca will enter the gate to be blessed and pray for their trip. Such sacred pathways turned out to be convenient, thus increasing the significance of the gate and making it within the primary holy sights of the city.
Bab Zuweila and the Pulse of Cairo’s Souks
Situated near the heart of Islamic Cairo, Bab Zuweila is surrounded by vibrant markets, or souks, which have thrived for centuries. The gate leads into Al-Muizz Street, one of the oldest and most historically rich streets in Cairo, lined with bustling shops, spice vendors, and artisans selling traditional wares. This area, known as the Khan el-Khalili market, has been a hub for traders and shoppers since the 14th century, offering everything from handmade jewelry to aromatic spices.
The sounds of merchants haggling, the aroma of fresh bread baking in nearby ovens, and the vibrant colors of fabrics and trinkets create an atmosphere that transports visitors back in time. Bab Zuweila stands as both a gateway and a sentinel, watching over the daily life of the souks and embodying the spirit of Cairo’s enduring commercial traditions.
The historical significance of Bab Zuweila, noting its functional and cultural aspects, led Egypt's Ministry of Antiquities to devote a great deal of effort to conservation activities. Works of reconstruction in the 2000s included activities such as stonework cleaning, minaret support strengthening, and inner passage reconstruction. Such meticulous and effective activities are directed towards ensuring that Bab Zuweila is conserved for the benefit of posterity and enabling the visitors to appreciate the rich history it possesses and its role in the history of the city of Cairo.
Today, Bab Zuweila has become one of the most visited places in Egypt, with most people coming to enjoy the rich culture of Cairo. The gate has also turned out to be a source of national pride for the citizens of Egypt, seeing as it symbolically illustrates the scale and strength of the capital.
