The Book of the Dead and the oldest book in history
What is written between the lines or inscriptions of the Book of the Dead, no one has been able to decipher hence, the Book of the Dead, remains unsolvable yet, and everyone is interested to know.
The Book of the Dead is numerated as the oldest book in history and it was referred to the Book of the Dead because it is a number of spells that would guide the deceased in to the after world and were written by believing priests and the “Book of the Dead - Exit in the Day” contains at least dozens of papyri now categorized under the funerary literature.
These texts, some of which are showcased in Egypt Day Tours and Egypt Shore Excursions, were first copied by French scientists in 1842, with Lepsius translating hieroglyphic writings and organizing them into 165 chapters. Naville published 71 chapters in 1886, and in 1890, Budge identified a stock of these texts in the British Museum, translating the ANI papyrus in 1898. Research and translations continue to this day, captivating scholars and visitors interested in Egypt Travel Packages.
Exclusivity refers to the religious free from the characteristics of the
The Netter 2800 in the hieroglyphs does not mean that there are 2800 gods and after the civilization was changed and destroyed by the priests and political powers for using the special interest from increasing the number of gods to destroy the parties and oppose and increase the number of temples to collect taxes and compulsory offerings to 2800 gods, Egyptian history is fake and false.
The museum of BA Manuscripts also has an ANI papyrus from the British museum which is a near perfect Book of the Dead from the New Kingdom period.
There has been the copy of the Book of the Dead in the British Museum, several hundreds of years and it is there at present; and the tickets for visiting the corner with Book of the Dead are the most costly in British Museum.
Original Book of the Dead and history have to be changed to evidence that the ancient Egyptians believed in one God.
Inside were funerary texts of various kinds, both magico-religious formulas and stories, with the help of which the deceased could overcome the countless trials that he would face on the long and winding path that led him to the presence of Osiris. The texts, therefore, would have helped him both to reach the god of death without any special problems, and to prepare the so-called testimony of his earthly life, the trial of which belonged to Osiris.
The Book of the Dead has taken various forms over time. Initially, indeed, formulas and stories were engraved on the walls of the tomb, only to be engraved directly on the sarcophagus. Over time and until the eighteenth dynasty (1543-1292 BC), the book of the dead changed its form again: the funeral texts were transferred to papyrus, then closed in a sarcophagus along with the deceased and all those objects that could be useful in his last journey.
These magical formulas placed in tombs, according to beliefs, protected and helped the deceased in the underworld, and they include hymns to the god Amun Re, the god of the sun. We can see descriptions of spells on the passages and walls of tombs, on the wrappers of mummies and even inside the golden mask of King Tutankhamun.
The Book of the Dead first appeared in the New Kingdom, but its text evolved from a long history of magical funeral writing. The most ancient of them, the Pyramid Texts, were accessible only to the Egyptians. Then they evolved to Coffin Texts - a modified version of the Pyramid Texts - which were written on coffins and included in the tombs of non-royal persons, such as rich Egyptians and representatives of the elite.
As for the history of the writing of the Book of the Dead, the Pharaohs wrote down the Book of the Dead during the era of the construction of the Great Pyramid, and a copy of it is still preserved in the British Museum. It contains invocations to the gods, hymns, and prayers. Then there is a description of the reckoning that the souls of the dead encounter in the afterlife and the punishment and reward that befalls them.
The Pharaohs built huge temples in addition to tombs that were no less magnificent and luxurious, as they believed in resurrection and the return of the soul, which they depicted in two close images, "Ka" or "Ba." They were also keen to place all the things related to the deceased, including food, jewelry, and everything he loved in his life, with him in his tomb, where the soul of the deceased could eat and drink from it when it returned to the body, and before seeking the afterlife.
The ancient Egyptians knew religious literature since the dawn of history, and their holy books varied, most of which were about death and the afterlife. Their books usually contained a group of religious texts that expressed the Egyptians' perception of the life of the dead in the afterlife, and included a group of spells that were recited when preparing the body for burial.
Perhaps the ancient Pharaohs amazed the world with the diversity of these texts, and their abundance of ancient religious spells and literature, which remained an icon no less important than the remaining monuments from the Pharaonic eras, such as temples, royal tombs, and obelisks. Among these books' most significant works are:
Book of the Dead
Pyramid texts
The Book of Two Paths
The Guide's Book
Spell No. 125 is one of the most famous texts of the Book of the Dead. Even those unfamiliar with the book, and those unfamiliar with Egyptian mythology, know about the spell without realizing it. It is the incantation describing the trial of the deceased's heart in the Hall of Justice by the god Osiris, and is one of the most famous known images from ancient Egypt, although the god with his scale is not actually described in the text. Given the importance of the deceased passing the test of his heart weight in order to pass into bliss, knowing what to say and how to act in the presence of Osiris, Thoth, Anubis and the forty-two judges was the most important information with which the deceased could reach the afterlife.
After death, Anubis guides the deceased to the Hall of Justice (also known as the Hall of Two Truths), where the deceased will make the Confession of Absolution (also known as the Declaration of Innocence). This Confession of Absolution was a list of forty-two sins that the individual could honestly deny never to commit. Once made, Osiris, Thoth, Anubis, and the Forty-Two Judges consulted.
If the confession was accepted, the deceased's heart was weighed in a balance against the white feather of Maat, the feather of truth. If the deceased's heart was lighter than the feather of Maat, their soul passed to Heaven; if it was heavier than the feather, the heart was thrown to the ground, where it was devoured by the divine monster Ammut, and its owner's soul ceased to exist.
Spell 125 begins with an introduction to the reader (i.e., the soul of the deceased): "What to say upon arrival at the Hall of Justice"
Below we will briefly discuss the most important chapters of the book "Going Out During the Day," focusing on the most important chapters. We will base this on some studies that were based on publishing, translating, and studying the various documents on which the "Book of the Dead" was written.
Before moving on to the chapters of the Book of the Dead, it should be noted that some early scholars divided the Book of the Dead into a group of sections, each of which combined the unity of idea, subject, or goal. Champollion and Lipsius distinguished three parts of the Book of the Dead, each of which was preceded by a synthetic chapter, namely chapters (1, 17, 64), while Moret and Paul Pagier distinguished between four sections of the book, which are as follows:
Chapters from (1 – 16): Chapters on going out during the day, praying, and walking towards the cemetery, which are songs for the sun and Osiris.
Chapters (17 – 63): Going out during the day, revival, victory, supervision, and depicting the helplessness of enemies, and the ability and control of the deceased over various elements.
Chapters (64 – 129): "Going out during the day". (change), the possibility of showing oneself under different forms, the use of the solar boat, knowing mysterious things and returning to the grave, and the scene of the trial before Osiris.
Chapters (130 – 162): Texts to glorify the deceased, make sacrifices, and protect the mummy with amulets.
Latest Articles
Admin
Aswan Governerate in Egypt
Aswan was known as ‘Sonu’ in ancient Egyptian times, meaning market, as it was a trading centre for caravans coming to and from Nubia. In the Ptolemaic era, it was called ‘Sin’ and the Nubians called it ‘Yaba Swan’. It was also known as the Land of Gold because it served as a great treasure or tomb for the kings of Nubia who lived there for thousands of years. Before the migration, Aswan's borders extended from Asna in the east to the border of Sudan in the south, and its inhabitants were Nubians, but after the Islamic conquest of Nubia, some Arab tribes settled there.
Admin
About Luxor Governorate in Egypt
The South Upper Egyptian area is home to the Egyptian governorate of Luxor. Its capital is Luxor, which was formerly Thebes, the capital of Egypt throughout multiple pharaonic eras. Its centers and cities are spread over both sides of the Nile River. The said governorate was established by Presidential Decree No. 378 of 2009, which was promulgated on the 9th of December of that year.
Admin
History of kafr El Sheikh Governorate
Kafr El Sheikh Governorate, located in the far north of Egypt in the Nile Delta, overlooking the Mediterranean Sea, is characterised by the diversity of natural life and environments, and is one of the Egyptian cities that can be visited after the end of the first semester exams at universities and schools, as it features many diverse tourist and recreational places at symbolic prices within everyone's reach.
Admin
Egypt's New Administrative Capital
The New Administrative Capital is considered the project of the era because it reflects a perfect image of the future and progress on the economic, cultural, social and civilisational level, as the capital is considered the new capital of Egypt at the present time. The importance of the New Capital is that it is a comprehensive transformation of the future of buildings, services and national and mega projects in Egypt.
Admin
Al Gharbia Governorate
The Governorate of Gharbia is inclusive in the geographical area of The Arab Republic of Egypt which is in the African continent, more specifically in the region surrounding the Nile delta, between Damietta and Rashid governance. To the control of the region from the north is Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, from the south Menoufia Governorate, from the east – Dakahlia, Qalyubia Governorates, and to the west is the Beheira Governorate.
Admin
Hamata Islands (Qulaan Archipelago) in Marsa Alam
Each reserve has several sectors. In Wadi El Gemal Reserve, there is one of the natural areas called the Hamata area or Hamata sector in Wadi El Gemal Reserve. Its sectors are the perfect and most ecological, land and water, and host countless animals and plants found in the oceans and on the land.
