埃及的历史绵延数千年,从公元前 5000 年左右沿尼罗河建立的早期新石器时代社区开始。这一古老文明因其卓越的成就而闻名于世,包括金字塔的建造、有影响力的法老的统治以及在文字、艺术和建筑方面的显著进步。在埃及的历史叙事中,外族统治的时代层出不穷,包括波斯人、希腊人和罗马人的征服,最终在公元 7 世纪阿拉伯人的征服之后演变成伊斯兰文化的中心。埃及的现代国家于 19 世纪开始形成,并于 1952 年摆脱英国的控制完全独立。
在揭开古埃及象形文字的神秘面纱之前,古埃及文化一直是个谜。这一突破是在 18 世纪末法国占领埃及期间发现罗塞塔石碑后实现的。
埃及历史
在史前埃及(公元前 3100 年以前),早期人类居住在尼罗河流域,其存在的证据可追溯到 50 多万年前。
图坦卡蒙法老的全部藏品是开罗大埃及博物馆中数百件古代文物之一,该博物馆建于吉萨金字塔群旁。 您可通过参观吉萨高原和卡纳克神庙等著名景点令人叹为观止的声光秀,更深入地了解埃及悠久的历史。
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可以说,伊斯兰征服埃及是在迁徙的第十八个年头,也就是公元 640 年欧麦尔-伊本-哈塔卜(愿主喜悦之)的哈里发统治时期,征服者的首领是狡猾的阿拉伯同伴阿姆鲁-伊本-阿斯(愿主喜悦之),他取道地中海沿岸,到达阿利什并征服了那里,没有遇到任何明显的抵抗。
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埃及是最早传播福音信息的国家之一,在此之前,主耶稣基督还是个孩子时就与母亲和继父约瑟来到埃及,当时主的天使命令他们去埃及,因为国王要杀死国王的孩子耶稣(《马太福音》2:13-15)。福音信息随着使徒马可传到了埃及,他写下了四福音书之一。
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托勒密埃及时代始于托勒密一世时期,他于公元前 305 年宣布自己为埃及法老,托勒密家族是一个马其顿血统的家族,公元前 323 年亚历山大大帝死后,他们来到埃及。
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事实上,到目前为止,我们还不知道导致第一王朝灭亡和第二王朝兴起的原因。我们不知道发生了哪些事件,最后又被另一个家族夺取了王位,如果存在国王从一个家族传到另一个家族的事实,我们也忽略了两个家族之间的联系。我们按照马尼通的说法来划分家族,毫无疑问,他们有足够的文件证明这种划分是合理的。
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古王国从第三王朝开始,但从事件的纯粹顺序来看,你会发现从第二家族到第三家族的过渡没有任何分离或中断。我们发现,第一位国王为他的前任建立了雕像,此外,我们还发现王后 “Nai Maat Habi Nymaathapy”,她被称为 “王室子女之母”。
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埃及第四王朝是统治埃及的第四个家族,统治时间为(公元前 2575 年-公元前 2465 年),其后是埃及第五家族和埃及第六家族,都是古帝国时代的产物。当时埃及的首都是孟菲斯,塞内弗鲁国王被认为是第四个埃及家族的创始人。
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埃及第六王朝与第三王朝、第四王朝和第五王朝共同组成了古王国。我们还没有推断出导致权力从第五王朝转移到第六王朝的原因,但这一转移似乎是在没有任何政治动荡的气氛中进行的。
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在第八王朝时期,我们发现这个家族的法老在大多数情况下仍然保守地使用他们前辈的名字称呼自己。例如,我们发现在第八王朝的国王中,有五位法老自称 “Nefer Ka Ra”,一位自称 ‘Djedkara’,还有一位自称 “Nefer Er Kara”。
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我们对 Ahnasia 王公与第八王朝后期的孟斐斯国王之间可能发生的冲突一无所知,对新家族各省省长在他们崛起时的地位也一无所知,但可以说,当时的总体情况与以前并无太大区别,新国王们继续要求强大的统治者给予善待,并向他们寻求帮助。
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政府从第九王朝转移到第十王朝的原因至今仍不得而知,尤其是我们通过他们国王的名字认识到了一种交流方式。埃及人还用 “哈提王朝 ”来称呼他们。不排除希拉克里乌斯法老分为两个家族是由于对埃及君主制起源的重新解释。尽管如此,第十家族包括 14 位法老,其中大部分都不为人知。
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第十一家族是法老埃及统治家族的第十一个王朝,统治时间为公元前 2134 年至公元前 1991 年。中王国的第一个日期从底比斯的第一位统治者恩特夫的统治开始,第二个日期从实现国家的政治统一开始,因为在底比斯统治者的努力下,埃及的中央政权在经历了长期的动乱后又重新统一了起来,这个时代最重要的国王是门图霍特普二世。
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The pyramids, like the iconic Great Pyramid of Giza, were constructed around 2500 BC during the Old Kingdom period as elaborate tombs for pharaohs. These massive structures served as a final resting place for the pharaohs and were designed to protect their bodies and treasures for eternity.
The city of Thebes was started by a man named Kadmos, who planted dragon's teeth in the ground. Kadmos was not Greek, he was from Phoenicia.
Books written about Egyptian history are among the most important historical references from which you can learn about the past. The ancient Egyptians excelled in many sciences and arts and created many engineering buildings that are considered a scientific miracle that scientists are unable to explain until now.
Egyptian civilization is one of the oldest in the world, with its origins dating back to around 3100 BCE. This period marked the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under the first pharaoh, Narmer (also known as Menes), and the establishment of the Early Dynastic Period.
The history of Egypt is the history of human civilization, where the Egyptian man created and presented an ancient civilization that preceded the civilizations of the world's peoples.
It is a pioneering civilization in its innovation, architecture, and art, and it has astonished the world and scientists with its intellect and science. It is an interconnected civilization with which the Egyptian man interacted, left in his mind, and found its fingerprints, and you can see this in sights such as the pyramids of Giza, the discovery of secret passages therein, the Egyptian Museum, and the Luxor Temple, the Temple of Karnak, the Temple of Luxor, the Temple of Abu Semple, the Valley, and Queens.
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The history of Egypt is usually divided into several periods, such as prehistoric, ancient, medieval, early modern, late modern, and contemporary. The prehistoric period covers the time before the emergence of writing, which is estimated to be around 3200 BC. The ancient period covers the time from the first dynasty of pharaohs to the conquest of Alexander the Great in 332 BC. The medieval period covers the time from the Islamic invasion in 641 AD to the Ottoman rule in 1517 AD. The early modern period covers the time from the Ottoman rule to the Muhammad Ali dynasty in 1805 AD. The late modern period covers the time from the Muhammad Ali dynasty to the 1952 revolution.
Ancient Egypt made numerous significant achievements and contributions to human civilization. Some of the major ones include:
Pharaohs were considered divine rulers who held absolute power over Egypt. They were seen as intermediaries between the gods and the people, responsible for maintaining maat (balance and order) in society. Pharaohs were revered as living gods, and their authority was unquestioned. They played a central role in religious ceremonies, oversaw the administration of the state, and led military campaigns.
Naqādah is a town in Upper Egypt, located on the west side of the Nile River. It is an old place and has a lot of history. People used to live there a long time ago, even before the Egyptians had their kings. They have found old houses and places where people were buried from that time.
Yes, many ancient Egyptian monuments and sites can be visited today. The most famous ones include the Pyramids of Giza, the Valley of the Kings in Luxor, the temples of Luxor and Karnak, and the Abu Simbel temples. These sites offer a glimpse into the rich history, architecture, and culture of ancient Egypt. However, it's important to check with local authorities and tour operators for the latest information, as access to certain areas or specific sites may be restricted or require special permits.
The Baron Palace was built in 1910 by a man named Baron Édouard Empain, who also created the city of Heliopolis. He wanted to make a fancy and fun city for people in Egypt to enjoy.
Ancient Egyptian meals mostly consisted of vegetables, fruit, milk, dairy products, and fish, in addition to bread and alcohol. Ancient Egyptians also consumed a wide variety of fattened fowl and wild birds. Regular beef eating is seen among the upper social classes.
The history of Egypt is the longest continuous history of a country in the world for more than 7000 years BC. Egypt was distinguished by the presence of the Nile River, which was considered a catalyst for the establishment of an ancient civilization in it, and Egypt is located in a privileged geographical location that connects the continents of Asia and Africa and is linked to the continent of Europe through the Mediterranean Sea.
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