埃及法老、王后和统治者

King Menkaure, the fifth king of the 4th Dynasty in the ancient kingdom of ancient Egyptian, assumed the throne after the death of his father, King Khafre. He built the third largest pyramid at Giza. It is possible that he died suddenly, so his son Shabskaf completed the construction of this pyramid.

Queen Hatshepsut is undoubtedly the best-known female ruler of the world, especially ancient Egypt after Cleopatra VII, and one of the most successful queens in Egyptian history. She is also known as Ghanemat Amun Hatshepsut, and her name means the Dora of princesses or the concubine of Amun, the favorite of the ladies, and she is considered the fifth in the line of kings of the XVIII Dynasty.

Alexander the Great, ruler of Macedonia, conqueror of the Persian Empire, is one of the smartest and greatest war leaders of all time. He was the son of King Philip II of Macedon and became king after his father's death in 336 B.C. He conquered most of the known world of his time. Hence known as "the great" for both his military genius and his diplomatic skills in handling the diverse populations of the regions he conquered.

Had his glittering, treasure-filled tomb not been discovered, the world would not have known King Tutankhamun, who became the talk of archaeologists and became one of the most important Egyptian explorations found in the Luxor Governorate in the Valley of Kings and Queens.

Akhenaton was the first Egyptian king to think of a latent power behind the disk of the sun. He called this power the name of a god, Aton, and after that, he left all the Egyptian gods and left Thebes where the priests of Amun and his followers were present and established a new city. He lived in this city for about 17 years worshipping this new god, but his only mistake was that he made people worship the new god through him, so when Akhenaton died, the new worship of Aton ended completely. And that's before considering his marriage to Nefertiti, known as the Mona Lisa of antiquity thanks to her beautiful limestone bust discovered in a sculptor's workshop at Amarna and now in the Egyptian Museum in Berlin, or the likelihood that he fathered Tutankhamun, the most famous pharaoh of them all.

Mohamed Ali Pasha was the founder of the dynasty that ruled Egypt from the early nineteenth century to the mid-twentieth century, that is, the founder of modern Egypt.

King Thutmosis III, is the greatest ruler of Egypt throughout history, as he is the founder of the first Egyptian empire. He treated the people of the conquered countries with noble treatment; they lived in peace and prosperity after joining the Egyptian Empire. None of the records mention that he lost any battle and there are some obelisks he built in different places of the world today. One of them is located in Central Park in New York State, and the other is located on the banks of the Thames River in London, and both have a strange name, "Cleopatra's Needle"!

King Djoser is considered one of the most powerful Egyptian kings who mentioned his exploits in the Pharaonic civilization, and he is one of the kings of the Third Dynasty, and the most famous monument he left is the step pyramid that is visited to this day to see this great construction.

Pharaoh King Senefru, founder of the fourth dynasty, and the famous father of Pharaoh Cheops, owner of the Great Pyramid, is considered one of the greatest builders in the history of mankind, as he presented 4 pyramids, took the lead in the emergence of pyramid building in human history.

Cleopatra VII or Cleopatra Philopator, is one of the most important kings of Pharaonic Egypt, as she was the richest queen of the Mediterranean, besides being the most powerful woman of the Macedonian dynasty in Egypt.

His name means "Horus the Fighter" and he is also known as the "Fighting Hawk" and simply by the name Aha. And he is believed to be the founder of the first family and therefore also the founder of the city of Enab-Hadj (Memphis). The Egyptian historian Manton mentioned that King Hor-Aha ruled for about 62 years.

Khant Dujar is a pharaoh of the first Egyptian family and is unknown; he ruled around 3050 B.C. He is believed to have campaigned in the country of Nubia and Libya and his tomb is located at Abydos, next to the tomb of his wife, Meredith, who is believed to have assumed power when his son was a minor.

The 4th pharaoh of the First Dynasty of Egypt is King Djet. He established a mining policy during his reign; his name was found graved into a rock on one of the roads that connect Edfu to the Red Sea. He found his famous painting, now housed in Paris Louver Museum, which bears his name.

King Khasekhemwy, was the fifth and last pharaoh of the second Egyptian dynasty. Little is known about Khasekhemwei, except that he led many important war campaigns and built many statues, which still remain, reminding us of the war against the northerners.

khentkawes was the queen of Ancient Egypt during the reign of the Fourth Dynasty. she played an important role in the succession of the IVth and Vth dynasties. And she took many titles, such as Queen of Upper and Lower Egypt and Mother of the King of Upper and Lower Egypt.

Some archaeological references indicate that King "Honi" was the one who started building the pyramid of Meidum - located in the region of Meidum near Memphis on the west bank of the Nile River at Beni Suef, about 100 km south of Cairo - but he died without completing its construction, so King Senefru completed it.

King Userkaf, whose name means "strength is in his soul" is one of the first kings of the V Dynasty, built his pyramid in Saqqara, in addition to a temple dedicated to the sun god Ra in the area of Abu Sir.

Sahure was the second pharaoh of the Fifth Dynasty in ancient Egypt. He ruled Egypt for 12 years in the 25th century BC and built a pyramid for himself at Abu Sir, thus moving away from the tombs of his Fourth Dynasty ancestors located at Saqqara and Giza, where his ancestors built the pyramids at Giza, and perhaps the presence of the Temple of the Sun built by Userkaf, founder of the Fifth Dynasty there, was the motivation for that.

Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi is a brave Egyptian leader who lived in the 12th century and had strong Islamic foundations that made him adhere to the causes of Islam, which made him achieve great accomplishments, as he united Egypt with Syria and recovered Jerusalem from the Crusaders, and thus his name entered the records of both Islamic and Western history.

Amenhotep III, one of the greatest pharaohs of Egypt, during his long reign of almost 40 years. Unlike many kings of the ancient Egyptian state, who derived their fame from the great war battles and conquests that expanded the territory of the Egyptian Empire, King Amenhotep III inscribed his name in the record of the most important Egyptian kings through peace.

Lady of Happiness is considered "NEFERTITI", the most famous Egyptian queen in the whole world, and is the eldest wife of King Akhenaton and an incomparable Amarna.

No wonder experts from all over the world pay hundreds of dollars and incur the hardships of traveling from all over the world until they see her cemetery, which is picturesque, she is not just a queen or wife of a god, her many titles assure you that you are not just facing a woman who sat on the throne of Egypt, but you are facing an exceptional woman in all meanings of the word. She is "Nefertari".

Intef I, this pharaoh is considered the first prince of the six princes of which the eleventh family is formed. In the first transitional period. They were the ones who ruled half of the country almost 143 years before the advent of the Twelfth Dynasty.

He is the builder of the Zoser amphitheater and is the first architect in history, as well as the first physician, and one of the most famous engineers of ancient Egypt elevated to the rank of idol after his death and became the god of medicine.

Thutmosis IV, the eighth of the eighteenth dynasty of pharaohs, in ancient Egypt, and son of King Amenhotep II and Queen TA, built a funerary temple southwest of the temple of his father Amenhotep II, and "Horemheb" in the eighth year of his reign repaired and restored the tomb of Thutmose IV. In the Valley of the Kings, the mummy of this king was transferred to the tomb of Amenhotep II during the reign of the XXI dynasty.

Seti I (1294-1279 BC), was the second king of the 19th Dynasty and father of the great king Ramses II. His tomb is the highest, deepest, and most beautiful in the Valley of the Kings.

King Ramses III, is one of the greatest warrior kings in the history of ancient Egypt, where he fought, in the fifth and eighth eleventh year of his reign, the peoples of the sea and the Nuba from the south. He has many constructions, including the city of Habu and the Temple of Amun at Karnak, and the construction of his famous tomb called "KV11".

Peribsen is the pharaoh of the second Egyptian family ruled for seventeen years. He was buried at Abydos, where a seal inscription was found containing the first complete sentence written in hieroglyphics.

Djedefre, is an ancient Egyptian king ( Pharaoh ) of the fourth dynasty within the ancient Egyptian kingdom. He is the son and direct successor to the throne of Cheops, the builder of the Great Pyramid. He is the first to associate his name with the sun god Ra. He wanted to build a pyramid-like the pyramid of his father Khufu in the area of Abu Rawash but did not finish his pyramid except by settling the base of the pyramid. He was succeeded by his son Khafre, who built for himself the second pyramid at Giza.

Last king of the IV dynasty. Shepskaf assumed the government of Egypt after his father. He ruled for more than four years during which he built a tomb in the south of Saqqara in the form of a rectangular coffin known as the "Pharaoh's Mastaba". and his covenant was distinguished by the increased influence of the priests of the sun, thus contradicting the custom of his ancestors to build a pyramid for him. The association with the cult of the sun is a violation of the priests and their influence.

King Djedkare is the eighth pharaoh of the kings of the fifth dynasty. He ascended the throne of Egypt from 2414 to 2375 BC, and his rule lasted almost 28 years. He did not build a solar temple like the kings of the Fifth Dynasty who preceded him, but he did build his pyramid in the area of "Saqqara".

King Senusret II was the fourth king of the XII Dynasty of Egypt, who succeeded his father, King Amenemhat II, and shared the government with him during his last years. And what most distinguishes him is his great interest in the Fayoum Oasis area, as he began to build a huge irrigation system that starts from Bahr Youssef and ends at Lake Morris.

Pepi I's successor, Merenra I, is the fourth king of the Sixth Dynasty, ruled for a short period, and there is a possibility that he participated of his father for some years, and then relinquished power for a period of almost 9 years, and died while still in the early second decade of his age.

Merenra II reigned only one year and was succeeded by his half-brother, Pepi II. The new king had to be still a child at the time of ascending the throne because the canon of Turin and Manetone agree in attributing to him a reign of more than ninety years, dying more than a hundred years after a rather serene existence after all lively, casual. and generous, according to a literary source.

Mentuhot II is an ancient Egyptian king who ruled from 2061 to 2010 BC, and the meaning of his royal name is (the god Montu is satisfied), he is the founder of the XV Dynasty. He is credited with the reunification of the country after the end of the turmoil of the First Decadence and became the first Egyptian king in the Middle Kingdom.

He is the first king of the Twelfth Dynasty, which is considered the golden age of the Middle Kingdom in Egypt. He ruled from 1991 BC to 1962 BC.

The Macedonian of Ptolemy I was the Egyptian King, who in Alexandria established the dynasty of Ptolemy, and gave it the name of Poster or Savior.

During Ptolemy II, at its summit Alexandria and the Alexandria Museum and Library have been taken over, the Ptolemy's influence reached its highest.

Ptolemy III of Egypt, Ptolemy He rose to power after his dad died in 246 BC (Ptolemies II )

He was the third oldest son of King Ptolemaic, Philopator, Ptolemy IV, was the reigning Roman Emperor, Philopator, Philopator, Philopator.

Ptolemy V was the King of the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt from 204 BC through 180 BC, whose name is Epiphanes (Ptolemaic Dynasty of Egypt's Apparent God) Pharaoh.

Ptolemy the Sixth's title name is Philomator (meaning the lover of his mother).

Ptolemy VII was one of the sons of Ptolemy V, and the brother of Ptolemy V.

Ptolemy VIII was called Yorgetis II (meaning goodness), but he was called Physkon (meaning the physical benefactor).

The era of Ptolemy in Egypt has been marked by many governance disputes and is referred to as unstable times. The kings of Petolmy were concerned about internal conflicts and lost sight of their true region mission.

The seventh Cleopatra is Cleopatra VII. As the world's most famous monarch, Cleopatra VI, last king of the Petolmy, is regarded. Her name is called "Cleopatra" and it is "the glory of her father."

Egypt holds a 'mayor' royal parade for the removal of 22 royal mummies and 17 sarcasm scenes from the Egyptian Museum in Tahrir to the Ancient Egyptian National Museum for the completion of the transfer of royal mummies to the National Museum of Civilization in Ancient Egypt from the Egyptian Museum in Tahrir.

Seqnenre, the second largest king in Egypt was the one who started the battle in Egypt to remove the Hyksos, ended with his son, Ahmose, the First.

Abdel Fattah al-Sisi, Egyptian military officer, was born on November 19, 1954, in Cairo, Egypt. He became Egypt's de facto leader in July 2013, after the country's military expelled President Hosni Mubarak. In May 2014, he was elected president for the first time, and in March 2018, he was re-elected for a second term.

King Farouk was Egypt's last king, and he was the eldest son of King Fouad, who trained him to rule in a strict manner by limiting the young prince's interaction with the outside world, and he became crown prince at a young age, earning the title of Prince of Upper Egypt.

Gamal Abdel Nasser Hussain, an Egyptian politician, served as Egypt's second President from 1954 to 1970.

He was the third president of the Republic of Egypt after the time of the Pharaohs, serving from 1970 until his assassination in 1981 by extremists, and he was one of the founders of the Free Officers who overthrew the monarchy in the July 1952 revolution and became Vice President Gamal Abdel Nasser. Then came his replacement as president.

Islamic leader Amr Ibn El Aas who conquers Egypt in the 7th century.

Ahmad ibn Tulun was the founder of the Tulunid dynasty that ruled Egypt and Syria between 868 and 905. Originally a Turkic slave-soldier. The Mosque of Ibn Tulun is located in Cairo, Egypt. It is one of the oldest mosques in Egypt as well as the whole of Africa surviving in its full original form and is the largest mosque in Cairo in terms of land area.

The 30th Dynasty was not one of Egypt's greatest moments, despite the fact that Nectanebo

Trajan was an emperor of Rome born on September 18,53 A.D in the Roman province of Hispania (the modern-day country of Spain). Trajan was considered one of the best emperors by the Roman council. After his death, they would honor new emperors with the saying "be luckier than Augustus and better than Trajan."

Diocletian was a great emperor who ended a period of disturbance in the Roman world. Known as a great reformer with a harsh personality, he earned respect where others failed miserably. Born in 244, in the Balkans. he grew up in turbulent conditions with little government or stability.

He was the eldest son of Khedive Ismail, and was born on March 20, 1852. His mother was Princess Shafiq-Nur. He was not sent to Europe to be educated like his younger brothers, but grew up in Egypt. He spoke French and English fluently. In Cairo on 15 January 1873 he married Princess Emina Ilhamy (Constantinople, 24 May 1858 – Bebek, Istanbul, 19 June 1931), daughter of Prince Ibrahim al-Hami and Parlanta Qadin.