亚历山大大帝

• 16 / 5 / 2023

Supporter and propagator of Hellenistic culture, the King of Macedonia, the Pharaoh of Egypt, the hegemon of the Hellenic League, and the Shah of the Persian Empire. He conquered the Persian Empire—from Asia Minor to Egypt, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and India—in 12 years.

He, like all real men, was called Alexander III of Macedon, and eventually Alexander the Great by others. He was born in 356 BC in Pella, the Macedonian capital, being the son of King Philip II and Queen Olympias. From an early age, he could show great intelligence and ambition. To be educated with exceptional instruction under his own father, he had to read and study for the most part with Aristotle, who taught him in the corridors of philosophy, science, and military strategy. This education would mold Alexander later into a talent that would shape him as one of the greatest military minds of history.

At the age of 20, in 336 BCE, Alexander was made king of Macedon after the assassination of his father. His first acts associated with consolidation were those aimed at putting down rebellions in Greece and at claiming leadership over the Hellenic League. The Greeks under his command had their eye on the Persians and his father's vision-dream—to realize conquest for the Persian Empire.

Alexander the Great died, aged 33, in 323 B.C., after a life of conquest. His bravery and legendary deeds left much inspiration not only to himself but also to politicians and historians who have followed his ambitious journey throughout history.

On the political and military plane, his educator was his father (Philip II, king of Macedonia from 359 B.C. and conqueror of Greece in 338 B.C.). Instead, his intellectual teacher was the Greek philosopher Aristotle, who approached him with the reading of the great Homeric poems and made him passionate about Greek culture by transmitting the idea of ​​the superiority of the Greeks over the barbarian peoples and, in particular, the Persians.

Alexander's accession to the throne was not easy. Philip's death created government problems and awakened the hopes of independence of Greek cities less willing to accept the authority of Macedonia. It also blocked the expedition that the Macedonian king was setting up to invade Asia and defeat the Persians.

Alexander the Great founded Alexandria in Egypt, the capital of the country for several centuries. Upon his death, the government passed to Ptolemy, who transformed Alexandria into a powerful economic center that dominated the trade routes of the Mediterranean Sea and the Aegean Sea. During the Ptolemaic period, the temples of Luxor, Aswan, Esna, Edfu, and Kom Ombo were built, and Egypt recovered its ancient importance once again. Sin preocuparse de cómo entender los términos clave de la historia egipcia, contaremos con un guía egiptólogo, que responderá a sus preguntas.