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Cairo Top Tours' tour operators will customize your tours according to your budget and interests. You shouldn't worry about anything with us because we will take care of all the details of your vacation. That is why we provide a variety of travel alternatives that are affordable while providing an amazing vacation experience. We will work directly with you to ensure that you stay within your budget while enjoying the wonderful experiences. Please contact us immediately to learn more about our budget-friendly travel choices!
Egypt is considered one of the safest countries not only in the Arab world but in the world because Egypt has one of the strongest security services. The Egyptian government is interested in taking all the necessary safety measures to secure tourist trips in Egypt, so you do not have to worry about that at all.
Yes, the Grand Egyptian Museum is officially open for visitors. Come and explore the world’s largest collection of Pharaonic treasures, from the majestic statues to the dazzling artifacts of ancient Egypt. Your unforgettable journey into history starts here.
In the case of cancellation of the trip by the customer, based on the start dates of the trip, the following costs will be charged:
15% of the total cost of the trip, with cancellation from the booking date up to 61 days before the start date of the trip
25% of the total cost of the trip, with cancellation from 60 to 31 days before the start date of the trip
35% of the total cost of the trip, with cancellation 30 to 15 days before the start date of the trip
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The name the Mamluks referred to white slaves who were captured in wars or bought in the markets, and many of them were soldiers and army leaders, and they soon seized power at the end of the rule of the Ayyubid state in Egypt. The idea of using the Mamluks in the Near East had been since the days of the Abbasids. The first to use them was the Caliph al-Mamun. However, the Abbasid Caliph Al-Mu’tasim Billah brought in Turkmen soldiers and placed them in the army in order to strengthen his position after he had lost confidence in the Arabs and Persians upon whom the Abbasid state was established. This encouraged the other caliphs and rulers to bring in the Mamluks.
Mamluk Sultanate Dynasty in Egypt
Among its most prominent sultans were Izz al-Din Aybak, Qutuz, al-Zahir Baybars, al-Mansur Qalawun, al-Nasir Muhammad ibn Qalawun, and al-Ashraf Salah al-Din Khalil, who recaptured Acre and the last strongholds of the Crusaders in the Levant. Tatars in the Levant and Iraq, including Baghdad. The towering Mamluk state, during whose reign the greatest expansion of the Mamluk state was known, began in the ninth century AH. Among the most prominent of their sultans were Barquq, his son Faraj, Enal, Al-Ashraf Seif al-Din Barsbay, the conqueror of Cyprus, Qansuh al-Ghouri, and Tumanbey.
These Mamluks were slaves brought in by the Ayyubids, and their influence increased until they were able to seize power in 1250 AD. The plan of these leaders was to bring the Mamluks from non-Islamic countries, and they were mostly children who were raised according to strict rules in military barracks isolated from the outside world, in order to ensure their complete loyalty to the ruler. Thanks to this system, the Mamluk state enjoyed a kind of stability that was rare at the time.
Many factors were prepared that contributed greatly to the establishment of the Mamluk state, this state that emerged from the womb of the Ayyubid state and was built on its ruins, and among those factors is the weakness of the Ayyubid state, as i Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi left a large state after his death, and during his life, he distributed the countries under his control. His family members, these people shared his legacy after his death, and in light of the wars and conspiracies that occurred between them, the just king (d. 615 AH), brother of Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi, was able to unite the Ayyubid state under his authority, but he made a mistake when he distributed his inheritance to his children, this distribution led to disharmony and envy. Among the brothers, and because of these competitions and disputes, most Ayyubids did not buy the Mamluks, and each group was attributed to its owner who bought it and trained it, and an important transformation took place.
At the beginning of their state, the Mamluks repelled the Mongol invasion of the Levant and Egypt, and the summit of the response was at the battle of Ain Jalut. Then, during the reign of Sultan Baybars (1260-1277 AD) and the sultans after him, the Mamluks focused their efforts on the Crusader principalities in the Levant. In 1290 AD, they killed the last stronghold of the Crusaders in the Levant (Acre).
Cairo became a major center for trade exchange between East and West, and trade flourished and with it the state's economy. Sultan Barquq (1382-1399 AD) led successful campaigns against Tamerlane and reorganized the state again. Sultan Barsbay (1422-1438 AD) tried to control commercial transactions in his kingdom, and the process had a bad impact on the movement of these activities. The Barsbay after waging a successful campaign freely around Cyprus.
Since the year 1450 AD, the Mamluk state began to lose its control over commercial activities. The state's economic condition is deteriorating. Then the matter was made worse by the progress made by other countries at their expense in the field of manufacturing war machines.
In the year 1517 AD, the Ottoman Sultan Selim I was able to eliminate their state. Egypt, the Levant, and the Hejaz were included in the territory of the Ottoman Empire.
During their state, the Mamluks enjoyed religious legitimacy in the Islamic world for two reasons, their possession of the lands of the Hijaz and the Two Holy Mosques, and then their hosting of the Abbasid Caliphs in Cairo since 1260 AD.
